William Shakespeares Antony and Cleopatra Essay -- Shakespeare Antony

William Shakespeare's Antony and Cleopatra Shakespeare’s Antony and Cleopatra is aptly named, not just because the play centers around these two characters, but also because it encompasses the play’s fixation on the lovers’ oppositional relationship. On the surface level, Antony embodies the Roman ideals of a good, noble man, while Cleopatra represents the hyper-sexualized, dangerous Eastern woman. However, upon further examination both Antony and Cleopatra display complicated internal conflicts that effectively reverse these polar positions repeatedly throughout the play. In this way, the opposition between Antony and Cleopatra that exists on a simple, interpersonal level is echoed by more complicated, internal conflicts within each of these characters on a deeper, more individual level. The tension between the title characters creates the love that draws them together at the same time as it drives them further apart, thus establishing yet another layer of antagonistic relationships within the play. The importance of these oppositional relationships is underlined most starkly in Act II.2. In particular Enobarbus’ speech describing Cleopatra’s beauty functions as one of the greatest statements of the play’s conflicting themes. This speech reflects the antagonistic nature of the play’s central relationships through the invocation of equivalent antagonistic relationships between the violent descriptors used to depict Cleopatra. Throughout the play, Shakespeare establishes a love-hate relationship between Antony and Cleopatra. In doing so, there are times when the lovers are characterized as stark opposites of each other as well as instances where these characterizations are reversed. The Romans, represented b... ...defining Antony and Cleopatra’s equally oppositional relationship. The battles within her reflect Antony’s personal struggles, as well as the greater wars within their relationship. Thus, the dualities within Enobarbus’ speech reflect the oppositional relationships both within the play as a whole and within the greater context of Act II.ii. Antony and Cleopatra struggle to define themselves on intra- and inter-personal levels as well as within the greater societal sphere. Ultimately, they can never fully resolve the polar oppositions that exist both within and between them. This results in the physical and emotional violence that is both reflected and predicted in Enobarbus’ speech. Work Cited â€Å"Beggared†. Oxford English Dictionary. http://dictionary.oed.com/ Accessed 10/17/05 Shakespeare, William. Antony and Cleopatra. New York: Penguin Books, 1999.

Ethics Greek Essay

The greater the knowledge and freedom, the greater the voluntariness; and the greater the voluntariness, the greater the moral responsibility.† – Alfredo Panizo MODIFIERS OF HUMAN ACTS a) Ignorance b) Passions c) Fear d) Habit e) Violence A) IGNORANCE – Absence of knowledge which a person ought to possess â€Å"Ignorance of Law exempts no one† – implies that one who has done wrong may not simply and directly claim ignorance as defense or justification or to be freed from sanction attached to the Law that was violated – implies that one should not act in the state of ignorance but always strive to dispel it 1) Vincible Ignorance – form of Ignorance which can be easily remedied through ordinary diligence and reasonable efforts 1.a) Affected Ignorance – a person possess this kind of Ignorance when a person employs positive efforts to be ignorant in order to be escape responsibility – it is Vincible Ignorance explicitly wanted = studied ignorance 2) Invincible Ignorance – kind of Ignorance which a person possesses without being aware of it or lack the means to rectify it PRINCIPLES: 1) Invincible Ignorance renders an act involuntary – a person is not liable or cannot be culpable if he is not aware of his ignorance or when there is nomeans of rectifying his ignorance 2) Vincible Ignorance does not destroy but lessens voluntariness and the corresponding accountability over the act – when a person becomes aware of one’s ignorance, he/she has the moral obligation to rectify it- and to act with this is a form of imprudence 3) Affected Ignorance though it decreases voluntariness, increases theaccountability over the resultant act – it interferes intellect – decrease voluntariness – it is willed to persist – increases accountability – refusing to rectify ignorance is malicious – and malice is graver if ignorance is used as an excuse for not doing the right thing B) PASSION – Either tendencies towards desirable objects (positive emotions like love, desire, delight, hope, bravery etc) or tendencies away from undesirable or harmful things (negative emotions like horror, sadness, hatred, despair, fear, anger etc) Passions – psychic responses –neither moral nor immoral – however, man is bound to regulate his emotions and submit them to the control of reason 1) Antecedent Passions – precedes the act – predisposes a person to act 2) Consequent Passions – those that are intentionally aroused and kept – voluntary in cause; the result of the will playing the strings of emotion PRINCIPLES: 1) Antecedent Passions do not always destroy voluntariness but they diminish accountability for the resultant act – they weaken the will power without obstructing freedom completely – therefore, crimes of passion are always voluntary although accountability is diminished because it interferes with the freedom of the will 2) Consequent Passions do not lessen voluntariness but may even increase responsibility – consequent passions are direct results of the will which fully consents to them instead of subordinating them to its control C) FEAR – disturbance on the mind of the person – being confronted by an impending danger or harm to himself, to his loved ones or to his property – one is compelled to decide to perform an act so as to avoid threat of future or imminent evil 1) Act done with fear – certain actions which by nature are dangerous or risky – in theses cases, fear is a normal response to danger – these actions are voluntary because the doer is in full control of his faculties and acts inspite of fear- fear here is an instinct for self-preservation (we even fear new experiences or situations) ex. Being left alone in a strange place, being asked to speak before a group of people 2) Act out of fear or because of fear – fear here becomes a positive force compelling a person to act without careful deliberation – fear modifies the freedom of doing, inducing the person to act in a certain predetermined manner, even without his full consent Ex. A child – studies/reads his books – out of fear of his mother A man – stops smoking – fear of contracting cancer PRINCIPLES: 1) Acts donewith fear are voluntary – acting inspite of his fear and is in full control of himself 2) Acts done out of fear are simply voluntary although conditionally involuntary – simply voluntary = person remains in control of his faculties – conditionally involuntary = if it were not for the presence of something feared, the person would not act or would act in another way – Intimidating or threatening as person with horror is an unjust act â€⠀œ Legally speaking, acts done out of fear – invalid acts Ex. Contract – made out of fear – voidable – later be annulled 3) Acts done because of intense fear or panic are involuntary – panic – obscures the mind – in this mental state, the person is not expected to think sensibly D) HABIT – permanent inclinations to act in a certain way – lasting readiness and facility born of frequently repeated acts or for acting in a certain manner – acquire the role of second nature – moves a person to perform certain acts with relative ease Habit – not easy to overcome or alter – requires a strong-willed person to correct a habit Voluntary Habits – those caused by the repetition of voluntary acts Involuntary Habits – a habit becomes such if the will is resolved to remove it and there is a struggle to overcome it PRINCIPLES: 1) Actions done by force of habit are voluntary in cause, unless a reasonable effort is made to counteract the habitual inclination  œ Bad Habits – voluntary in cause because they are results of previously willed acts done repeatedly – as long as the habits are not corrected, evil acts done by force of habit are voluntary and accountable – can be not accountable – if a person decides to fight his habit. For as long as the effort towards this purpose continues, actions resulting from such habit may be regarded as acts of man because the cause of such habit is no longer expressly desired E) VIOLENCE – any physical force exerted on a person by another free agent for the purpose of compelling the said person to act against his will Ex. Bodily torture, maltreatment, mutilation, etc PRINCIPLES: 1) External actions or commanded actions performed by a person subjected to violence, to which reasonable resistance has been offered, are involuntary and are not accountable – active resistance should always be offered to an unjust aggressor – if resistance is impossible and there is a serious threat to one’s life, a person confronted by violence cab offer intrinsic resistance DETERMINANTS OF HUMAN ACT: 1. ACT IN ITSELF – nature of the act itself ( cheating is bad itself in its nature) 2. MOTIVE OF THE AGENT (intention/purpose) 3. CIRCUMSTANCES Who=Person What=Quantity or quality Where=Place How=Manner, Means or instrument When=Time Why=Motive DETERMINING A GOOD ACTION ACT MOTIVE/END Good + good =GOOD Good + bad =BAD Bad + good =BAD Bad + bad =VERY BAD ETHICAL THEORIES 1. Deontological 2. Teleological 3. Divine Command Ethics 4. Virtues Ethics DEONTOLOGY Deos – â€Å"what is binding, right and proper† Duty-oriented appeals to obligations, laws, rules or orders 1. STOICISM Stoics : nature is good Good – surrendering/denying/accepting nature or whatever happens Self-denial/simplicity/frugality Wrong- contradict nature Three moral convictions: 1. Nature is innately good and man is part of nature 2. Man does good by following nature and evil by contradicting 3. Man ought to accept everything that is happening to him w/o question in order to live a good and tranquil life EPICTETUS: everything is governed by nature : determinism: things come as they do : â€Å"the essence of good and evil lies in that attitude of the will† : absolute obedience – greatest virtue : resignation and tranquility 2. KANT’S DEONTOLOGICAL THEORY Immanuel Kant Morality is based on â€Å"A PRIORI†( pre knowledge) of the imperative of human acts Pure reason – consistency of valid knowledge of the mind Practical reason – valid knowledge of the mind Basis: FREEWILL ïÆ'  moral duty IMMORTALITY OF THE SOUL ïÆ'   sanctions EXISTENCE OF GOD ïÆ'   ultimategiver of sanctions Kant: good without any qualification is based on GOOD WILL â€Å"a person with good will acts with moral duty† (businessman/politician) KANT’S CATEGORICAL IMPERATIVE ïÆ'   Like golden rule: command every human rational agent to cons istently abide with moral duties 1. Principle of Universality ïÆ'   â€Å"Act only on that maxim through which you can at the same time will that it should become a universal law† (evil if it cannot be universally willed. Sample: killing) 2. Principle of End in Itself ïÆ'   â€Å"act in such a way that you will always treat humanity, whether in your o wn person or the person of any other, never simply as a means, but always at the same time as an end.†( self-preservation/selfrealization/charity) 3. CONVENTIONALISM OR CONTRACTARIAN THEORY THOMAS HOBBES What is good is agreed by the society through social contract TELEOLOGICAL THEORIES Telos- end Consequence oriented theory Good is based on the result of the act 1. HEDONISM Hedos – pleasure â€Å"eat and be merry for tomorrow you will die† Good is personal experience of pleasure ARISTIPPUS – The greatest pleasure/ pain is the greatest evil – The only norm of determining what is good is â€Å"the most intense sensual pleasure of the moment.† – Sexual act between lovers give one of the most intense sensual pleasure EPICURIUS – Man is material and spiritual (death is disintegration) – Man by nature seek pleasure – â€Å"good and evil consist in sensation but it should be directed by reason and virtue. – Real pleasure – moderation decided by the mind – Prudence – wisdom and capacity to control oneself – Social injustices source of pain in human relation 2. UTILITARIANISM Greatest good for the greatest number of people JEREMY BENTHAM – Good if it promotes greater good (generic law/ofw) – Bad – suffering – Quantitative utilitarianism – Utility or usefulness of an act JOHN STUART MILL – Qualitative utilitarianism – Not the act and its end but more on the dignity of the person but the dignity of the human agent. – â€Å"better to be dissatisfied than a pig satisfied† – Action is right if it promotes happiness/ bad-unhappiness – VIRTUE ETHICS Virtue- moral practice or action in conformity to a standard of right Wisdom based on knowledge of what is good Good is the possession of moral characters or virtues Reason elevates and leads man to things true and good Aristotle: good is based on function : rational faculty of man achieves excellence through exercise of virtue : moral virtue is a result of habit :ARETAIC ETHICS (ARETE – excellence or virtue) : focus on heart and character of the moral agent :Virtue ethics- disposition/motivation or trait of being good : self-actualization – doing good as a part of being a rational animal Golden mean or moderation SOCRATES: INTELLECTUALISM ïÆ'   knowledge is virtue / virtue is knowledge : â€Å"know thyself† : unexamined life is not worth living PLATO: PHILOSOPHICAL LIFE -contemplation of true and good is best for life DIVINE COMMAND THEORY Religious idea Rules and commandments provide moral guidance St. Thomas Aquinas: Natural law ETHICS OF CONSCIENCE Subjective norm of morality Based on natural law Voice of God / inner voice / other self Practical judgment of reason Types: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. Right conscience – correct ethical evaluation good as good/ evil as evil Erroneous – good as evil and evil as good Certain – firm judgment of the validity and morality of an action Doubtful/dubious – uncertain Lax – bahala na / Scrupulous- sees evil or wrongness even though there is none

Movie Analysis The Good Lie - 1610 Words

The Good Lie Movie Analysis The good lie is a movie about a refugee family from war ridden Sudan. They begin as children trying to fight for their lives on the way to safety, losing a brother along the way to a group of soldiers. When they finally reach the refugee camp they find: a safe place to stay, warm food, and new clothes. Shortly after their arrival they lose yet another brother. They patiently wait for a plane ticket out of Sudan, and after thirteen long years, they get their chance. They bored the plane excited to see what is in store only to find out their sister will not be staying with them. The three brothers depart from their sister with a lady named Carrie Davis. They face many new challenges together along with any†¦show more content†¦I can only imagine the frequentness of situations like this and knowing that it really happened, made it all the more bittersweet. The last conversation between Mamere and Theo about the fact that, because this lie helped Theo , then it is a good lie, made me really think about the decisions refugee families often make. The moment when the brothers meet Carrie Davis, is one that leads to many triumphs. She serves not only as their job coach, but also as their friend and mentor. She teaches them about many things such as; using a telephone, knocking and waiting to be invited in, and ultimately that a good friend can get you through anything. Watching this movie in the mindset of an ELL teacher it helps me to envision what my students might face. Carrie Davis is a woman who just wants to get her job over with. She has no interest in personal relationships with her clients, that is until she meets; Paul, Mamere, and Jerimiah. The three brothers bond and innocence eventually leads to her caring for them. It is later revealed that her cold demeanor is due to the loss of her sister. After hearing the story that the brothers tell, she is able to move on. She also learns the true meaning of family. Challenges for ELLs vs. Refugees The term ELL makes one image come to mind, a person from another country. The thought had never occurred to me that typical ELL students and refugees would face different challenges. The challenges the family in the good lie face areShow MoreRelatedIs Lying Bad For Us?1195 Words   |  5 Pageshelp us crack these baffling questions. In these essays, they define the meaning of a lie, why we always seem to use them, and if they are actually bad for us. In Stephanie Ericsson’s The Ways We Lie it talks about the different types of lies, how and why we use them and what consequences can be followed by each lie. 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Under the advice from Harvey’s book, four women determine to learn Harvey’s strategies in order to solve the conflicts with their male partners, who are the perfect embodiments of four types of men: The Mamas Boy, The Non-Committer, The Dreamer, and The Player. Though Harvey tries to use his works to empower women with their self-respect, all he does is to teach women to â€Å"lie, cheat, manipulateRead MoreThe Role of Racism and Social Injustice in To Kill a Mockingbird859 Words   |  4 PagesMocking Bird is a book that has been turned into a movie. The themes that are covered in this interesting book and movie ranges from racism, prejudice to social injustice which goes to show how human beings can be very cruel to fellow human beings simply because they are different from themselves. Tom Robinson’s trial further shows that in a society where the white race is seen to be superior, no other race mattered. 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Personal Anthropology The Of Hell - 1298 Words

1. a.) Humans, within their sin nature, are subhuman. I’ve decided to kick off this personal anthropology with the idea which had the largest impact on me. I know I have deliberated on this subject many times in many response papers, but I find it was the most impactful idea during the corse. Understanding the wrestle with the â€Å"beast,† or sin nature within, has allowed me to begin to have, not only more grace for others, but leo myself. In the past, I have consistently fallen into unhealthy, self-destructive perfectionism because I was constantly upset with myself for falling below the standard. In turn, I also upheld others to this ideal of perfectionism. The problem here was that I did not make room of the fight against our animalistic qualities we must take up. And a part from God, we will lose to it. In further understanding that we â€Å"do the things we do not wish to do† (Romans 7:15), I see myself becoming a more gracious person. Suddenly, when some one lashes out in the middle of a conversation, rather than reacting to it, I am recognizing that they are fighting against the inner subhuman characteristics, and that was, in that moment, a fight they had lost. This allows me to be kinder when pointing out the destructive behavior, coming from a place of humility, knowing that I too have lost against the struggle. b.) We are attempting to regain our humanity. However, this can only be done through imitating and being in relationship with Christ. â€Å"All true anthropologyShow MoreRelated Influence of Colonization Politics on Modern Field-work†¦ Essay693 Words   |  3 PagesInfluence of Colonization Politics on Modern Field-work†¦ Hell-bent on expansion, the British Empire insisted on the exhaustive domination of one people over another, and in doing so, fostered hatred and friction between cultures in the late nineteenth/early twentieth centuries. 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The Faitlures of Globalization in the United States

Globalization is a concept that we have heard for years, but is not until recent years that we had studied and analyzed the benefits and issues of this international term. During years, it has been discussed the implications that globalization has had in some countries, more or less of them in a decent way and some of them in a corrupted way. Since young, political figures have taught about the role of the United States in the world and how they promote the expression freedom and success around the globe. As the reading from â€Å"Globalization and Empire says; and quote: â€Å"Empires have had the greatest influence in determining the nature of the forces of globalization, they are the chief globalizers of the world. Throughout history it is clear that empires were the principle forces that determined the nature of integration of different societies in the world.†(Peter Iadicola, p.4). Being United States the first world superpower, it has some failures based on the document ary of John Pilger, where he demonstrates that because of the globalization, most of the U.S. companies are profiting from those wretched areas or countries where the workforce is at low-cost. This bring out a simple questions, is that the example leaders want to demonstrate? Hiding things that are happening around the world? The New Rulers of the World Documentary are presented to us that the globalization has marked on a vast scale the difference between the rich and the poor. They are controlling even what the

Development of a Communications Plan for a Corporate Website Launch Free Essays

AWARDS CEREMONY FOR MEMBERS OF PARLIAMENT AND PROVINCIAL LEGISLATORS AT UNISA on 18 November 2011 GOVERNANCE AND LEADERSHIP PROGRAMME DRAFT COMMUNICATIONS PLAN Background An awards ceremony will be held on 18 November 2011 in Pretoria for 158 Members of Parliament and Provincial Legislatures who have completed the Governance and Leadership Programme. The programme is offered under the auspices of the University of South Africa (UNISA). A total of 293 MPs and MPLs registered for the programme initially but some could not complete their studies on time. We will write a custom essay sample on Development of a Communications Plan for a Corporate Website Launch or any similar topic only for you Order Now The Programme is supported by the South African Legislative Sector, under the guidance of the Speakers’ Forum and Public Administration Leadership Academy, PALAMA. Communication Objectives Parliament considers the role of public representatives to be central in exercising its role as the supreme law-making body in the country. As such, Members of Parliament and Provincial Legislatures need to acquire the requisite skills and competencies that will enable them to approach their work more judiciously and to participate more effectively in Parliamentary processes of law-making, oversight and public participation. Target audience Members of Parliament Members of Provincial Legislatures Speakers’ Forum SALSA General Public Key Messages †¢ The Capacity Building Development Programme enhances Members’ ability to execute their constitutional responsibilities more effectively †¢ Members are able to analyse policy, legislation, strategy more effectively †¢ The role of Parliament and Provincial legislatures is considerably enhanced in the public arena †¢ The South African public gains confidence in the ability of MPs and MPLs to execute their public duties in a responsible manner COMMUNICATION TOOLS Internal Newsletters (Parliament, Legislatures and PALAMA) (Responsibility: Michael Ralo, Gerbrecht van Heerden, PALAMA and provinces) †¢ Intranet and website (Parliament, Legislatures and PALAMA) (Responsibility: Michael Ralo, Gerbrecht van Heerden, PALAMA and provinces) External †¢ Media statement (Radio, TV and print) Action: Media statement drafted, waiting for approval Action: TV, radio and print interviews to be arranged from 14-18 November 2011 Speakers scheduled for interview include the following Members of the Reference Group on Training: Deputy Speaker: National Assembly, Ms NC Mfeketo Deputy Speaker: Free State Legislature, Ms MA Tsopo Speaker: Limpopo Legislature, Mr KA Phala Deputy Speaker: Eastern Cape Legislature, Ms N Moerane-Mamase Deputy Speaker: KwaZulu-Natal Legislature, Mr M Mthimkulu PRINT MEDIA The Star Citizen Beeld Sowetan Daily times City Press Sunday Times Sunday World RADIO TV Jacaranda Kaya FM yfm SABC Radio News Metro FM Thobela Motswedi Ukhozi Umhlobo Wenene Mohlodi Ligwalagwala SABC TV News Radio 2000 Radio 702 (Responsibility: Michael Ralo, Abe Mokoka – Gauteng Legislature, Sanelisiwe Mbhele – PALAMA and provinces) †¢ Event (Graduation ceremony and gala dinner and photography) (Responsibility: Msimelelo Nyikana, Millie Daweti and Task Team) †¢ Sector-wide publications (Responsibility: Michael Ralo, Parliament) †¢ Sector Annual Report (Responsibility: LSS) How to cite Development of a Communications Plan for a Corporate Website Launch, Papers

Human Rights in Nursing

Question: Discuss about the Report for Human Rights in Nursing. Answer: The right to humanity, dignity and equality is universal to every individual in any kind of settings. According to the nine principles of Catholic social thought, human dignity is one of the basic principles of developing a peaceable and compassionate society (Massaro, 2015). In nursing practice, we have to comply with the nursing competency standards and ethical codes, where addressing human dignity is a key aspect. While working in the healthcare settings, I have experienced some issues regarding racial and class discrimination in health care provision. In health care settings, considering older patients dignity is another common issue, which needs to be addressed for improving the quality of health care delivery (Rosen, 2012). The common good is a key principle of Catholic social thought, which is closely related to human dignity. As we have been created as social beings, an individual should experience their rights, which promotes the common good. The common good is "the good that exists in a community of solidarity among equal and active social agents" (Buettner Schmidt Lobo, 2012). The migrants are refuges do not get proper services compared to the people who have a well-known social identity. A significant racial discrimination is seen in health care settings, which violates principles related to human dignity. According to the common good principle, discrimination hinders the existence of equal and active agents in the society, which is needed for developing a peaceable and compassionate society (Park et al., 2012). Therefore, in my opinion, these kinds of social discriminations should be addressed by the higher authorities in healthcare organization for improving the situation. I have also experienced racial and gender discrimination within nursing staffs. The minority group staffs are significantly discriminated during promotions to a higher post, in spite of their effortless performance. Especially, I have experienced that, male nurses are discriminated significantly and treated unfairly in health care teams (Rosen, 2012).These kinds of issues are contributing in non-compliance to human rights and equality acts. According to my understanding, the common good is all about ensuring that human beings are treated with same opportunities and values in a collaborative community, in the absence of prejudices of race religion, wealth or social stance. However, when we are discriminating people based on their social or economic status, we are violating the principles of Catholic social though regarding the peaceable society development. Where every person is treated and respected equally from all dimensions, a strong relationship between self and community is buil t that helps in building a peaceful society (Rosen, 2012). I have experienced issues with human dignity, while working with the elderly patient. One of the patients was not able to complete his ADLs without assistance. Thus, I used to assist him, even in the process of toileting, one day he looked upset and I asked about the reason. He told that, he felt embarrassed that I helped him in his ADLs. Every person should have privacy, but in some cases, it is hard to provide adequate space to critical patients in health care settings. When a person is not getting his basic human right and dignity, it cannot be ensured that everyone is getting the same opportunity in the community, thus common good principle is not being followed. In my opinion, following equality act 2010, human rights act 2004, employee equality act and Privacy act 1988 should be followed in the heath care settings with a strict regulation. Being a nurse, I think a proper training is needed for the nursing staffs to enhance their compliance with the nursing competency standards and ethical codes. It will help to reduce the issues related to human dignity in the health care settings as well as increase the realization of common good. Reference List Buettner Schmidt, K., Lobo, M. L. (2012). Social justice: A concept analysis.Journal of advanced nursing,68(4), 948-958. Massaro, T. (2015).Living justice: Catholic social teaching in action. Rowman Littlefield. Park, M., Kjervik, D., Crandell, J., Oermann, M. H. (2012). The relationship of ethics education to moral sensitivity and moral reasoning skills of nursing students.Nursing ethics,19(4), 568-580. Rosen, M. (2012).Dignity: its history and meaning. Harvard University Press. Massachusetts