Personal Anthropology The Of Hell - 1298 Words

1. a.) Humans, within their sin nature, are subhuman. I’ve decided to kick off this personal anthropology with the idea which had the largest impact on me. I know I have deliberated on this subject many times in many response papers, but I find it was the most impactful idea during the corse. Understanding the wrestle with the â€Å"beast,† or sin nature within, has allowed me to begin to have, not only more grace for others, but leo myself. In the past, I have consistently fallen into unhealthy, self-destructive perfectionism because I was constantly upset with myself for falling below the standard. In turn, I also upheld others to this ideal of perfectionism. The problem here was that I did not make room of the fight against our animalistic qualities we must take up. And a part from God, we will lose to it. In further understanding that we â€Å"do the things we do not wish to do† (Romans 7:15), I see myself becoming a more gracious person. Suddenly, when some one lashes out in the middle of a conversation, rather than reacting to it, I am recognizing that they are fighting against the inner subhuman characteristics, and that was, in that moment, a fight they had lost. This allows me to be kinder when pointing out the destructive behavior, coming from a place of humility, knowing that I too have lost against the struggle. b.) We are attempting to regain our humanity. However, this can only be done through imitating and being in relationship with Christ. â€Å"All true anthropologyShow MoreRelated Influence of Colonization Politics on Modern Field-work†¦ Essay693 Words   |  3 PagesInfluence of Colonization Politics on Modern Field-work†¦ Hell-bent on expansion, the British Empire insisted on the exhaustive domination of one people over another, and in doing so, fostered hatred and friction between cultures in the late nineteenth/early twentieth centuries. 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The Faitlures of Globalization in the United States

Globalization is a concept that we have heard for years, but is not until recent years that we had studied and analyzed the benefits and issues of this international term. During years, it has been discussed the implications that globalization has had in some countries, more or less of them in a decent way and some of them in a corrupted way. Since young, political figures have taught about the role of the United States in the world and how they promote the expression freedom and success around the globe. As the reading from â€Å"Globalization and Empire says; and quote: â€Å"Empires have had the greatest influence in determining the nature of the forces of globalization, they are the chief globalizers of the world. Throughout history it is clear that empires were the principle forces that determined the nature of integration of different societies in the world.†(Peter Iadicola, p.4). Being United States the first world superpower, it has some failures based on the document ary of John Pilger, where he demonstrates that because of the globalization, most of the U.S. companies are profiting from those wretched areas or countries where the workforce is at low-cost. This bring out a simple questions, is that the example leaders want to demonstrate? Hiding things that are happening around the world? The New Rulers of the World Documentary are presented to us that the globalization has marked on a vast scale the difference between the rich and the poor. They are controlling even what the

Development of a Communications Plan for a Corporate Website Launch Free Essays

AWARDS CEREMONY FOR MEMBERS OF PARLIAMENT AND PROVINCIAL LEGISLATORS AT UNISA on 18 November 2011 GOVERNANCE AND LEADERSHIP PROGRAMME DRAFT COMMUNICATIONS PLAN Background An awards ceremony will be held on 18 November 2011 in Pretoria for 158 Members of Parliament and Provincial Legislatures who have completed the Governance and Leadership Programme. The programme is offered under the auspices of the University of South Africa (UNISA). A total of 293 MPs and MPLs registered for the programme initially but some could not complete their studies on time. We will write a custom essay sample on Development of a Communications Plan for a Corporate Website Launch or any similar topic only for you Order Now The Programme is supported by the South African Legislative Sector, under the guidance of the Speakers’ Forum and Public Administration Leadership Academy, PALAMA. Communication Objectives Parliament considers the role of public representatives to be central in exercising its role as the supreme law-making body in the country. As such, Members of Parliament and Provincial Legislatures need to acquire the requisite skills and competencies that will enable them to approach their work more judiciously and to participate more effectively in Parliamentary processes of law-making, oversight and public participation. Target audience Members of Parliament Members of Provincial Legislatures Speakers’ Forum SALSA General Public Key Messages †¢ The Capacity Building Development Programme enhances Members’ ability to execute their constitutional responsibilities more effectively †¢ Members are able to analyse policy, legislation, strategy more effectively †¢ The role of Parliament and Provincial legislatures is considerably enhanced in the public arena †¢ The South African public gains confidence in the ability of MPs and MPLs to execute their public duties in a responsible manner COMMUNICATION TOOLS Internal Newsletters (Parliament, Legislatures and PALAMA) (Responsibility: Michael Ralo, Gerbrecht van Heerden, PALAMA and provinces) †¢ Intranet and website (Parliament, Legislatures and PALAMA) (Responsibility: Michael Ralo, Gerbrecht van Heerden, PALAMA and provinces) External †¢ Media statement (Radio, TV and print) Action: Media statement drafted, waiting for approval Action: TV, radio and print interviews to be arranged from 14-18 November 2011 Speakers scheduled for interview include the following Members of the Reference Group on Training: Deputy Speaker: National Assembly, Ms NC Mfeketo Deputy Speaker: Free State Legislature, Ms MA Tsopo Speaker: Limpopo Legislature, Mr KA Phala Deputy Speaker: Eastern Cape Legislature, Ms N Moerane-Mamase Deputy Speaker: KwaZulu-Natal Legislature, Mr M Mthimkulu PRINT MEDIA The Star Citizen Beeld Sowetan Daily times City Press Sunday Times Sunday World RADIO TV Jacaranda Kaya FM yfm SABC Radio News Metro FM Thobela Motswedi Ukhozi Umhlobo Wenene Mohlodi Ligwalagwala SABC TV News Radio 2000 Radio 702 (Responsibility: Michael Ralo, Abe Mokoka – Gauteng Legislature, Sanelisiwe Mbhele – PALAMA and provinces) †¢ Event (Graduation ceremony and gala dinner and photography) (Responsibility: Msimelelo Nyikana, Millie Daweti and Task Team) †¢ Sector-wide publications (Responsibility: Michael Ralo, Parliament) †¢ Sector Annual Report (Responsibility: LSS) How to cite Development of a Communications Plan for a Corporate Website Launch, Papers

Human Rights in Nursing

Question: Discuss about the Report for Human Rights in Nursing. Answer: The right to humanity, dignity and equality is universal to every individual in any kind of settings. According to the nine principles of Catholic social thought, human dignity is one of the basic principles of developing a peaceable and compassionate society (Massaro, 2015). In nursing practice, we have to comply with the nursing competency standards and ethical codes, where addressing human dignity is a key aspect. While working in the healthcare settings, I have experienced some issues regarding racial and class discrimination in health care provision. In health care settings, considering older patients dignity is another common issue, which needs to be addressed for improving the quality of health care delivery (Rosen, 2012). The common good is a key principle of Catholic social thought, which is closely related to human dignity. As we have been created as social beings, an individual should experience their rights, which promotes the common good. The common good is "the good that exists in a community of solidarity among equal and active social agents" (Buettner Schmidt Lobo, 2012). The migrants are refuges do not get proper services compared to the people who have a well-known social identity. A significant racial discrimination is seen in health care settings, which violates principles related to human dignity. According to the common good principle, discrimination hinders the existence of equal and active agents in the society, which is needed for developing a peaceable and compassionate society (Park et al., 2012). Therefore, in my opinion, these kinds of social discriminations should be addressed by the higher authorities in healthcare organization for improving the situation. I have also experienced racial and gender discrimination within nursing staffs. The minority group staffs are significantly discriminated during promotions to a higher post, in spite of their effortless performance. Especially, I have experienced that, male nurses are discriminated significantly and treated unfairly in health care teams (Rosen, 2012).These kinds of issues are contributing in non-compliance to human rights and equality acts. According to my understanding, the common good is all about ensuring that human beings are treated with same opportunities and values in a collaborative community, in the absence of prejudices of race religion, wealth or social stance. However, when we are discriminating people based on their social or economic status, we are violating the principles of Catholic social though regarding the peaceable society development. Where every person is treated and respected equally from all dimensions, a strong relationship between self and community is buil t that helps in building a peaceful society (Rosen, 2012). I have experienced issues with human dignity, while working with the elderly patient. One of the patients was not able to complete his ADLs without assistance. Thus, I used to assist him, even in the process of toileting, one day he looked upset and I asked about the reason. He told that, he felt embarrassed that I helped him in his ADLs. Every person should have privacy, but in some cases, it is hard to provide adequate space to critical patients in health care settings. When a person is not getting his basic human right and dignity, it cannot be ensured that everyone is getting the same opportunity in the community, thus common good principle is not being followed. In my opinion, following equality act 2010, human rights act 2004, employee equality act and Privacy act 1988 should be followed in the heath care settings with a strict regulation. Being a nurse, I think a proper training is needed for the nursing staffs to enhance their compliance with the nursing competency standards and ethical codes. It will help to reduce the issues related to human dignity in the health care settings as well as increase the realization of common good. Reference List Buettner Schmidt, K., Lobo, M. L. (2012). Social justice: A concept analysis.Journal of advanced nursing,68(4), 948-958. Massaro, T. (2015).Living justice: Catholic social teaching in action. Rowman Littlefield. Park, M., Kjervik, D., Crandell, J., Oermann, M. H. (2012). The relationship of ethics education to moral sensitivity and moral reasoning skills of nursing students.Nursing ethics,19(4), 568-580. Rosen, M. (2012).Dignity: its history and meaning. Harvard University Press. Massachusetts

5 Writing Rules Every Blogger Must Know

Growing up, were you the kid at school who always turned in homework on time, finished class assignments before everyone else finished, and always had their hands up to answer a question a teacher asked? Or, were you the kid who finished their homework during breakfast, sat in the back of the class and didnt want to be called on? No matter what type of kid you were during grade school, everyone Im sure was grilled on writing skills and grammar rules. And if you are a blogger or freelance writer, you may think those skills are essential to your ability to create awesome content. Im here to tell you that if you want to ace your next blog post, dont listen to what your teacher told you about grammar rules. In fact, dont even listen to yourself. Having a blogging career means taking what you learned about grammar in school and throwing it out the patio door. You are no longer sitting in a school desk, listening to your teacher lecture about natural resources and then going home to write a report on three ways natural resources can be used for economical gain. As a blogger, you have the luxury to blog wherever you want, write on whatever topic you want and share it with your readers. Of course, if you have clients that require you to write or blog in a more formal manner about e-learning content or about medical training strategies, then please ignore this post! I know it can be hard not to slip into the formal style of writing you were taught all throughout your school years. Its ingrained in you and you may even feel a little anxious thinking anything but formal writing is wrong. I mean, if you make a living doing this, why wouldnt you follow all the grammar rules and write in a very formal matter? It only shows your professionalism to potential clients, right? Brian Lash, Creative Director of First Blog Media, wrote on CopyBlogger that anything but a conversational and informal writing style will kill your online career. People dont want to read a blog post like its an academic paper. Online users are scanning your blogs, barely reading any of it with their pointer finger on the mouse ready to click to a new page. They definitely dont want to be boggled down with reading a formal style using technical words. So, if you want to ace your next post and still have a career, I suggest you follow these 5 rules about grammar (for bloggers), because its fluid and constantly changing. Oh, and by the way, I was the kid who always turned in their homework on time and was eager to answer any question my teacher asked. But that all changed once I entered high school!   1. The Changing of Words and Meanings Most bloggers tend to write as if they are talking directly to their audience. This is not a wrong thing to do. I often write like Im talking, as its comfortable for me and helps me engage with my readers on a more personal level. With writing like you talk though, you may encounter some words that you wouldnt normally use in your high school book report because they may be too juvenile or not even a word! Lets take a look at some and feel free to use them for your next post. Very Very is a word that, if used in your writing at school, would get crossed out with a note telling you to avoid using this adverb. But in online writing, using very can help with signaling emotion in a particular item, story, or product creating a positive impact on what you are trying to describe to your audience amplifying your verbs and nouns Hopefully   Traditionally, hopefully, indicates in a hopeful manner as in I hopefully waited for the show to begin. Recently, though, people have been using hopefully to mean it is hoped that. This way, it becomes a sentence adverb, modifying the entire sentence. For example, Hopefully, well get a chance to visit the Grand Canyon next summer. So go ahead and use hopefully in the beginning of a sentence. Alright If you dont already know, alright is technically not even a word. You should be using all right. But, recently, alright as a word to mean its just satisfactory is becoming popular to use in writing. 2. Your Sentences Can End in a Preposition Are you biting your nails at this thought? All throughout school, I remember it was drilled into my head that ending my sentences with a preposition can drop your paper a whole letter grade. I made sure that I never ever finished my sentences with an at, of, up or over for fear of getting a C or worse on my papers. But after starting my venture as a work-at-home mom and freelance writer, I learned quickly that not ending your sentence with a preposition is an actual grammar myth. So dont fear the thought of an imaginary lecture from your teacher and feel free to end your sentences with a preposition! Just dont add them if they are unnecessary. For example, you dont need to say Jane got off of the bed to get her morning coffee. Instead, drop of and say Jane got off the bed to get her morning coffee. 3. You Can Start a Sentence With And, Or and But Ooo, another rule thats probably making you cringe, right? I know for myself, I cringed when I saw other bloggers and freelance writers start their sentences with and or but. I thought, did they not get the Coordinating Conjunctions lesson in school? If you missed that lesson, think FANBOYS. And, Im not talking about the next One Direction. FANBOYS is the acronym for the seven coordinating conjunctions for, and, nor, but, or, yet, so. These words help conjoin words and phrases in a sentence. As writers, you do have the option of starting your sentences with and, or and but if, stylistically, fits what you are trying to say. 4. Go Ahead and Exclamation Point that Blog Post Up! There has been a recent shift in the readers experience in online content and they are starting to prefer an abundance of exclamation points. But it doesnt stop there! Its now commonplace to use them in texts, emails and after any standard written greeting. Why are we bombarding our readers with exclamation points? Using emphatic punctuation helps deliver the tone in your writing. Its not always easy to convey sarcasm or excitement when writing. Since most readers are rushing through your post, using exclamation points also Helps readers locate subtle information that might be beneficial to them Attracts readers eyes when you use multiple exclamation points in your post Makes sure you provided the most helpful information for your readers! So dont give it a second thought when you sit down to write your next blog post. Your readers will appreciate the sincerity in your tone and return the favor by commenting! 5. You Dont Have to Spell Out Your Numbers Theres something about numbers that intrigues our minds. When our brain processes what we read, we tend to stop and focus on numbers and lists. Effective bloggers use numbers in their headlines as they Entices the reader to click and read further Promises the reader to deliver a specific number of reasons, tips or tricks that they want to learn about Captures the reader amongst a sea of insignificant headlines Reassures the reader of a predetermined ending, satisfying their need of completion Because of its eye catching quality, using numbers instead of writing them out, helps with grabbing readers attention and stopping their scanning. Keep this in mind when writing your numbers in digits Use numerals in your sentences and at the beginning of sentences or bullet points Use numerals up to one billion. After that, write out your numbers as its confusing seeing too many zeros Avoid using numerals for general facts, like I did in my previous bullet point For more information about when to use numerals and when to write out your numbers, visit the Nielson Norman Group. With these 5 grammar rules for bloggers, you are now equipped to lure your readers with a numbered list headline, grab their emotion with proclaiming your love of exclamation points, risk criticism for using alright in a sentence, and show your boldness in starting a sentence with and. Do you find any of these 5 rules hard to make use of in your everyday writing? I find that I tend not to use too many exclamation points in my writing. Im naturally a bubbly gal, but it may not come across that way online. In this post already, Ive used more exclamation points than in any other post, so thats a start! Let me know what you think,, what kind of  child you  were in grade school,  and if you adopt any other rules. Im looking forward to hearing from you! Please remember to pin me!

The Great Gatsby2 essays

The Great Gatsby2 essays The Great Gatsby, a novel by F. Scott Fitsgerald, is about the American Dream, and the downfall of those who attempt to reach its imaginative goals. The attempt to capture the American Dream is common in many novels. This dream is different for fidderent people, but in The Great Gatsby, for Jay, the dream is that through wealth and power, one can acquire happiness. To get this happiness Jay must reach into the past and relive an old dream and in order to do this he must have wealth and power. Jay Gatsby, the main character of the story , is a character who longs for the past. Suprisingly he devotes most of his adult life trying to recapture it and, finally, dies in its pursuit. In the past, Jay had a love affair with the extravagant Daisy. Knowing he could not marry her because of the difference in their social status, he leaves her to obtain wealth to reach her high standards. Once he acquires this wealth, he moves near to Daisy, "Gatsby bought that house so that Daisy would be just across the bay," and throws extravagant parties, happen,he asks around casually if anyone knows her. Soon he meet Nick Carraway, a cousin of Daisy, who agrees to set up a meeting, "He wants to know... if you'll invite Daisy, who agrees to set up a meeting, "He wants to know...if you'll invite Daisy to your house some afternoon and then let him come over." Gatsby's personal dream symbolizes the larger American Dream where all have the opportunity to get what they want. Later, as we see in the Plaza Hotel, Jay still believes that Daisy loves him. He is convinced of this as is shown when he takes the blame for Myrtle's death. "Was Daisy driving?" "Yes...but of course I'll say I was." He also watches and protects Daisy as she returns home. "How long are you going to wait?" "All night if necessary. "Jay cannot accept that the past is gone and done with. Jay is sure that he can capture his dream with wealth an ...

What is the best type of data to use when doing research in your field Essay - 1

What is the best type of data to use when doing research in your field of - Essay Example e need to design and implement efficient international relations guidelines and practices, it has become imperative that more accurate international relations researches are conducted. Among the issues surrounding international relations researches is that of the best research method and type of data to be used. Central to these debates are quantitative and qualitative data, which are the two major types of data used in most disciplines. This paper explores the type(s) of data that is best suited for researching international relations, taking the stance that these two types of data can be used complimentarily in international relations research since each has its strengths and weaknesses, which could be complimented by the other. That the two data types can be combined to ensure accurate international relations researches is supported by the fact that while quantitative data are numerical representations and the manipulations of the obtained observations to describe and explain international phenomena, qualitative data emphasises meanings and processes that may not be measured (Mahoney & Goertz, 2006). From these definitions, it is quite evident that both numerical and non-numerical aspects of international relations would be catered for if researchers combined both qualitative and quantitative data (Mahoney & Goertz, 2006). That is, qualitative data presents, interprets and explains non-numerical aspects of an observation so that underlying international relations patterns, issues and meanings are discerned and understood. In other words, the two types of data have relative values depending on the nature and the objectives of the international relations research to be conducted. The aspects of international relations issues that qualitative data may help explore and explain are issues whose quantity, intensity, amount or frequency may not be rigorously measured. In other words, this type of data would emphasise the social nature and the relationships of

To make argument about your own academic experience to an academic Term Paper

To make argument about your own academic experience to an academic audiene - Term Paper Example Ideal may differ from person to person. Something which is ideal to me may not be ideal to others and vice versa. During my management I did my specialization in marketing. Lot of people did their specialization in finance. I think marketing as a subject/course is more ideal than a finance. Before discussing why marketing is more ideal than finance lets first understand what does an ideal college experience means. An ideal college experience means an experience in discovery. It can be related to a particular subject or also personal discovery of self. So an ideal course can be new ways of learning, learning new values, learning new ways of solving a problem or addressing an issue. It is not mere reading a book, remembering a subject and then writing the same in the exam. It is about applying your knowledge and tools to think critically. It is about handling different situations in different ways and finding solutions for all kind of problems Marketing as a subject has got very little to do with theories and concepts. Yes, theories and concepts are important but not from a reading or remembering point of view but from the point of applying it in day to day life. Marketing is about thinking and applying the concept learns during the lecture to handle tricky situation. It is about creating different, new and innovative methods to sell you product or services. It is about creating ideas and strategies. ... That is something a student needs to decide. This is where a student is really tested as in how good is his ability to think and rationalize. Advertisement is a part of marketing. Creating an ad for a particular product or service is a challenging job. That is where the analytical skills of a student is tested. You can judge how creative a student is. Marketing research is also a part of marketing where a student analytical skill is tested. Marketing has got to do with lot of group activities. Where a students learns how to work in a team. He learns the ways to respect you superior and work with you subordinate. Finance on the other hand involves more of theories than practical. Lot of reading is involved in finance. You need to be thorough in the concepts and you need to remember lot of definition. Practical knowledge and activities are very less in finance. Calculation and analytics are important elements of finance but other than that not a lot of all round skills of student is te sted in finance. Further finance has got to with numbers and application of numbers. But when it comes to practical application of finance it definitely is bare minimum. Finance is a very important department in corporate and is essential for any organization. But in studies it has very little do when it comes to group work or applying it in practical purpose. It is mostly theories and concepts and less of practical, creativity and inter-personal skills. Finance is far from being an idea subject because it is one dimensional and does not focus on most of the skills that a student needs to develop. So when you compare a marketing and finance as a subject you will agree to the fact that marketing

Musical Chitty Chitty Bang Bang Movie Review Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Musical Chitty Chitty Bang Bang - Movie Review Example It's hard not to wince when Michael Ball, chubby and cheerful as inventor Caractacus Potts, puts his twins to bed with "a gentle breeze from Hushabye Mountain softly blows over Lullaby Bay" or when those kids fete Emma Williams's demure Truly with "when you're near us it's so delicious, you're the answer to our wishes", or when everybody is yearning for "someone to care for, someone to be near to, someone to do for, muddle through for". It's a very exciting an adventure, and it's a combination of a lot of tunes, the title track which is "our fine four-fendered friend" is extremely catchy, the other tones and songs in the musical are quite gloomy. Some of them are very long and drags in a few of the romantic scenes. The instruments used for the music was the piano and vocal with guitar chord symbols. This bright and bouncy tune from the film, Chitty Chitty Bang Bang offers all instruments an opportunity to play the melody. Violins I and II and Viola begin this familiar tune in unison with the Celli an octave lower. With the pick up to 29 - 36, the Basses and Celli are featured with the melody. This arrangement also has ample eighth and quarter note bowing variations (https://www.primamusic.com/InstrSearchResults3). Two musical numbers which are quite different f... This arrangement also has ample eighth and quarter note bowing variations (https://www.primamusic.com/InstrSearchResults3).Two musical numbers which are quite different from the rest when it comes to the utilization of musical instruments one of them is "Toot Sweets" because there are a huge number of flutes used in the song; and the theme of "Me Ol' Bamboo" is given a special touch by the xylophone. The song also includes Potts doing a Morris dance amid a troupe. ConclusionAll in all the entire musical Chitty Chitty Bang Bang gives a new meaning to musicals as there are a multitude of instruments being used . Each song is unique in its own way, and carries wizard of oz kind of touch. Thus it can be said that the music and instruments used in this musical is what made it a hit. Work Cited https://www.primamusic.com/InstrSearchResults3 retrieved on December 11

Design of Phenomenological Research

Design of Phenomenological Research This is a philosophical movement concerned with the study of conscious experience, from the point of view of the first person (Moran, 2000). There is emphasis on the intentionality of experience – that is, the idea that conscious experience is directed towards some phenomena, rather than being merely aimless. Such purposefulness is usually contained in the meaning that the first person ascribes to his or her experience. Human experience is said to be conscious, meaning that we are somehow usually aware of an experience as it is happening, as opposed to for example Sigmund Freud’s psychoanalytic view in which experience isn’t always conscious. Conscious experience is defined in broad terms, incorporating a wide range of factors including sensation, perception, objects, events, time, self, others, space, sequence, emotion, logic, and so on, with particular emphasis on the meanings of these experiences (two individuals may have exactly the same experience, yet attac h completely different meanings). Historically, phenomenology has been a fragmented philosophy, with numerous variations emerging and becoming established especially since the early part of the 20th century, deriving from works of philosophers like Martin Heidegger, Jean-Paul Satre, Edmund Husserl, G.W.F Hegel, Max Scheler, and others. The basic tradition of Anglo-Saxon European philosophy as we know it has been dominated by phenomenology throughout the last century, and currently provides the philosophical basis for a major part of clinical studies, usually subsumed under the heading of qualitative research. EXPERIMENTAL (SCIENTIFIC) APPROACH Scientific experimentation forms part of the wider traditional positivist doctrine, developed by Auguste Comte during the early part of the nineteenth century (Coolican, 1994). Positivism dictates that only phenomena that can be quantified and measured, are worthy of scientific experimentation. Emerging from this philosophy is the hypothetico-deductive doctrine, which entails making observations, developing theories, formulating and testing predictions from those theories, and modifying or supporting the theory accordingly. This procedure is what many researchers refer to as the ‘scientific method’. Experimentation is often regarded as the ‘gold standard’ in scientific (clinical) research. It entails the deliberate manipulation of variables under controlled conditions, in order to establish causality, and important factor in clinical settings. Control is achieved primarily by random allocation of participants to conditions, effectively distributing any diffe rences between people evenly across the conditions, and hence ‘balancing things out’. Many experiments are also conducted in a controlled environment, such as laboratory. Experimentation is underpinned by a number of assumptions, including the idea that people can be isolated from their social environment and treated as a group rather than as individuals. Furthermore, it is possible for the researcher to remain objective, remaining distant from the subject and hence having no influence on their behaviour. RESEARCH METHODS Aims and Objectives Phenomenological research is exploratory, seeking to understand people’s conscious experiences through that persons’ own viewpoint, what ever it may be. By contrast experimentation focuses on testing specific hypotheses, which have usually been selected by the researcher, hence reflecting the researchers own perspectives, rather than those of the participant. For example, take the case of a patient who has recently being diagnosed as anorexic. She is receiving treatment but there is a need for research to establish whether the treatment is having the desired effect. Phenomenology will focus on the patient’s own conscious experience of anorexia and recovery, and the meaning she attaches to these experiences. For example, the individual may view anorexia as a devastating experience with feel that she is not recovering despite her treatment. The whole experience may have created a sense of revulsion about her condition and pessimism about the recovery. The phenomenologist will try to explore – to use Husserls Greek terms her â€Å"noesis† or intentional act of consciousness (e.g. her beliefs and feelings) and †Å"noematic†, meaning the object or phenomena (anorexia, recovery). By contrast, the experimenter will aim to test hypotheses that the treatment is or isn’t effective in eliciting recovery, which will be appraised in quantifiable terms, such as changes in body-mass index, blood sugar levels, and blood pressure. Given the different aims/objectives (i.e. exploration, hypothesis testing), the experimenter and phenomenologist could arrive at completely different conclusions. For example, the patient may feel and believe they are not getting better albeit experimental (medical) parameters suggest otherwise. Research Questions Hypotheses Phenomenological questions typically exploratory, asking how an individual has consciously experienced a phenomenon, such as illness or disease. There are no hypotheses. The question can take any one of several forms, depending on the area of phenomenology. For example, existential phenomenology will inquire about the persons’ experience of free choice (e.g. in selecting their treatment), generative phenomenology will explore the meaning of the phenomena to the individual with reference to historical factors (e.g. the way a disease has historically been interpreted in their society), while a transcendental phenomenology will ask about the person’s conscious experiences completely excluding questions about the external environment (e.g. how the disease is experienced, regardless the hospital environment, treatments, and other external factors). Experimental questions are often more precise, asking whether there is a relationship between two or more variables. The questio n is usually accompanied by testable hypotheses, which specify whether or not a relationship exists and the direction (i.e. positive or negative) of the relationship. So, for example the experimenter will ask whether a particular intervention will cure the illness, accompanied by a hypothesis (e.g. the intervention significantly improves health outcomes). Unlikely phenomenology, the experimental approach rarely involves exploratory or open-ended questions as it is a requirement that all variables (independent and dependent) are specified a priori. However, statements of hypotheses can be â€Å"two-tailed† whereby the precise relationship expected between two variables is left â€Å"open† (i.e. not specified). Design Phenomenological research is typically unstructured, with no specific ‘design’ or ‘format’. The researcher is at liberty to proceed as they see fit, merely ensuring that they conform to the basic tenets of philosophy, notably emphasising the first-person and targeting their conscious experience. The setting is usually realistic or naturalistic, so for example, no attempt is made to ‘remove’ the patient from their natural environment[1]. Experimental research is traditionally highly structured. There are specific designs available to the researcher, each with set parameters or protocols. Randomisation of subjects to conditions is critical, to minimise the counfounding effects of nuisance variables. Therefore it is essential to recruit a sample of individuals who serve as participants. They can either be exposed to all conditions of the experiment, leading to a within-groups design, or assigned to just one of the conditions, creating a between-gro ups design. Independent and dependent variables must be specified clearly, so that there is no uncertainty about the conditions being manipulated, the direction of causality, and outcome measures. The setting is typically artificial – for example a laboratory – with a low degree of realism. It is important to point out that some phenonemonological research assumes that conscious experience is a function of neurological activity in the brain, known as neurophenomenology. This overlap with physiological sciences means that an experimental design may be used to establish the authenticity of certain aspects of conscious experience (e.g. determining whether an experience of motor activity is accompanied by electrical activity in the appropriate regions of the brain). Data Collection Data is typically collected using one-to-one interviews between the researcher and the participant, rather similar to private sessions between a patient and their psychiatrist or psychotherapist. The interviews are typically open-ended, thereby letting things show themselves, to use Heidegger’s terms. Data collection in experimentation may involve one or more techniques including observational methods (participant and non-participant observation, role playing and simulation, the diary method, and naturalistic observation), interviews and surveys (psychometric tests, structured/semi-structured interviews, clinical method). Whatever technique is used, the goal is to generate quantitative data which would allow mathematical assessments of reliability and validity, and also statistical analysis. Reliability relates to the consistency of a participants responses, while validity indicates whether the appropriate phenomenon of interest is being measured in the first place. Questions in interviews and surveys are typically close-ended, so that the participant can only respond using a pre-determined range of options provided by the experimenter. Data Analysis The phenomenological method assumes first-person familiarity with the particular experience of interest to the researcher. Data analysis essentially entails description of a conscious experience exactly as it is lived by the participant and presented to the researcher, who does not interfere. The researcher may then attempt to interpret the experience from their particular phenomenological perspective. For example, hermeneutical phenomenologists, such as Heidegger, will try to make sense of the experience by placing it in a social and linguistic context (e.g. who else is involved, and how do the parties communicate). By contrast a naturalistic constitutive phenomenologist will relate the experience to nature, seeking out links with natural environment (e.g. climate, culture, ecology). Regardless of their area of phenomenology, it is essential for the researcher to analyse the type of experience presented, identifying any unique features for further investigation. More recently, data analysis may entail a logico-semantic approach that aims to identify the truth of an experience (e.g. â€Å"this disease can be cured†) and the conditions necessary to satisfy an intention (e.g. â€Å"I will feel better if I take my medicine†). Phenomenologists also use modern techniques for analysing qualitative data, such as thematic analysis, typologies, quotations, and so on. Data analysis in experimentation requires the use of statistical tests in order to establish the â€Å"significance† of any observed changes in the dependent variable, following manipulation of the independent variable. Usually, a ‘level of significance’ is set, depicting a specific probability (e.g. .05) that observed differences between groups or conditions occurred by chance. Typically, the probability of chance must be equal to or less than the chosen significance level in order for the test results to be regarded as significant. There is no attempt by the experimenter to â€Å"impose† any interpretation or subjective analysis on the data without the use of statistical tools, which introduce some mathematical objectivity. However, the likelihood of obtaining significant results is often affected by analytic and methodological considerations, such as the sample size and the sensitivity of the chosen statistical test. Furthermore, results that are statistically significant may nevertheless have little or no clinical significance, for example in terms of Quality Life Years, and morbidity and mortality rates. Table 1 Differences between phenomenological and experimental approaches (selected issues) Phenomenological Experimental Method Unstructured Structured Research Question Exploratory Hypothesis testing Perspective First-person Third-person Subject Matter Conscious experience Quantifiable phenomena Data Analysis Intuitive Statistical Setting Naturalistic Artificial Clinical Application Detailed insight Efficacy CLINICAL PRACTICE Phenomenological and experimental approaches both have an important role to play in clinical practice. Nevertheless, each method may offer very different perspectives on the same medical quandary, or may be more suited to certain problems rather than others. Consider the effectiveness of nurse-led thrombolysis on patients present at an Accidence Emergency unit with cardiac symptoms. A phenomenological approach would be suitable for obtaining detailed insights into nurses feelings about their effectiveness in administering the procedure, their confidence, doubts, anxieties, suspicions, resentments, and other feelings and beliefs that may explain their clinical competence or otherwise. This may provide managers and consultants with valued ideas about how to support nurses, hence improving service delivery. By contrast the experimental approach will be more amenable to establishing the clinical effectiveness of nurse-initiated thrombolysis, for example in terms of the percentage of fatalities and door-to-needle times. A E units could be randomly assigned to a condition in which nurses implement thrombolytic procedures, or a control condition in which the intervention is performed by busy consultants. Patient satisfaction rates and hospital delays could then be compared across both conditions using statistical procedures. Although phenomenology and experimentation approach the problem differently, findings from both paradigms will have some clinical benefit if service delivery is ultimately improved. BIBLIOGRAPHY Coolican, H. (1994) Research Methods and Statistics in Psychology. London: Hodder Stoughton. Moran, D. (2000) Introduction to Phenomenology. London and New York: Routledge. Smith, B. Smith, D.W. (eds.) (1995) The Cambridge Companion to Husserl Cambridge and New York: Cambridge University Press. Wikipedia (2006) Phenomenology [online]. Wikimedia Foundation, Inc. Available from: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phenomenology/ [Accessed 22 July 2006]. Footnotes [1] Although in the interest of privacy researcher and patient may seek a quiet location that may be somewhat atypical of the subjects’ usual setting.

The Issue of Casinos in South Florida Essay -- Social Issues

Casinos on the 2014 ballot? Political committee lays the groundwork â€Å"After failing to persuade the Florida Legislature to pass a bill to open South Florida to mega resort casinos, gambling interests have taken the first steps to bring the issue directly to voters in 2014. A political committee under the name of â€Å"New Jobs and Revenues for Florida† was created April 10 with the purpose of promoting a â€Å"statewide constitutional initiative re gaming.† The committee chairman is Tallahassee lawyer and lobbyist John French and its treasurer is a political committee consultant and accountant Nancy Watkins of Tampa. The petition process requires that the organization get petitions signed by eight percent of the voters in the last presidential election to put the constitutional amendment on the ballot. The proposal must then be approved by 60 percent of the voters† (Klas, M. E., 2012). â€Å"The third level of inputs is external political actors that significantly shape the purposes, processes and actions of the bureaucracy. Administrative organizations do no exist in a vacuum; that is, without some degree of this external public support or hostility exercised either directly upon the agency or through intermediaries such as lawyers and lobbyists† (Stillman II, R., 2004, pg. 91). â€Å"Malaysia-based Genting Group spent more than $400 million to assemble roughly 30 acres along the Biscayne Bay waterfront here, including spending $238 million to acquire the headquarters of the Miami Herald newspaper. Genting planned to build the $3.8 billion Resorts World Miami, which company officials had boasted would become a dramatic feature along the waterfront of downtown Miami, with 5,200 rooms over four hotels, creating 30,000 permanent jobs, attracting almo... ... Santiago, F. (2012, January 28). Is the Herald Building Historic?. Common Sense Miami. Retrieved from http://www.commonsensemiami.com/ Scott, J. C. (1998). Part.4 The Missing Link - Chapter 9 - Thin Simplifications and Practical Knowledge: Metis. In Seeing Like a State. (Pp. 309-341). Yale Agrarian Studies. Stillman II, R. (2004). The American Bureaucracy: The Core of Modern Government. (3rd ed.). (Pp. 91, 220). Belmont, CA, U.S.: Clark Blaxter. Stutz, H. (2012, February 19). Supporters Of Florida Casino Expansions Promise To Fight On. Las Vegas Review-Journal. Retrieved from http://www.lvrj.com/business/supporters-of-florida-casino-expansion-promise-to-fight-on-139622693.html Stutz, H. (2012, February 3). Florida Lawmakers End Casino Push. Las Vegas Review-Journal. Retrieved from http://www.lvrj.com/business/florida-lawmakers-end-casino-push-138663869.html

Hamlet and Lion King Comparison Essay

Still captivating people today, the story elements and classic plot of Hamlet, written by the influential William Shakespeare, have made it to the film screen in a version that the whole family can enjoy. The Lion King, one of Disney’s most legendary movies, illustrates aspects and characteristics of Shakespeare’s Hamlet, and captures it in a magical, enthusiastic style. More than just the unforgettable music and remarkable animations, The Lion King follows the popular plot, conflict, climax, and resolution that William Shakespeare scribbled on paper over 400 years ago. However, all of Disney’s animation movies end with a happy ending, which means that movie writers of The Lion King had to change the story elements of Hamlet to better suit the movie for young audiences. Disney was overall primarily successful in delivering the dark, complex story plot of Hamlet in The Lion King by still preserving the optimism and purity of Disney movies, with only a few minor fl aws. The far-reaching influence Shakespeare’s Hamlet had on the movie The Lion King is evident through character comparisons, family conflict, and moral struggle within the characters. Simba, who undergoes his fair share of hardships and worries, can be directly related to Hamlet. Both characters suffer the loss of their father and they both seek to be alone, running away from their responsibilities in the royal family. To escape the guilt of the death of his father, Simba runs away from all responsibility to forget about his past. Hamlet also runs away from his responsibility, with the thoughts of revenge and suicide overtaking his mind. Both main characters have to reevaluate their morals as well; Hamlet decides whether it is moral or not to seek revenge on this uncle and Simba has to make the imperative decision of whether he should take control of the Pride Lands again. Hamlet’s father can be directly correlated to Mufasa, Simba’s father. Both kings ruled over the ir kingdom in peace and prosperity, with the intent of good ambitions. Both kings also suffered a tragic death, due to the immorality and cruelty in their brothers. Scar and Claudius, characterized as Simba and Hamlet’s uncles, both used evil convictions to force their way onto the throne. Sarabi and Gertrude, the queens and mothers in both of the stories, care about their sons very much. They also have little to no power over their kingdom, leaving the uncles in full charge. When Simba returned to Pride Rock to declare his spot on the throne, he was furious when he saw how Scar was treating his mother, just like how Hamlet was furious about how Claudius didn’t treat his mother as good as his father once did. Nala can be related to the character Ophelia from Hamlet, mainly because Nala is Simba’s love interest, as Ophelia is to Hamlet. Disney did a very good job at preserving the main ideas and character significance of the original piece, without taking out anything important. The Lion King placed a children’s perspective on a very gruesome story of responsibility and revenge. Disney was clever in adapting the story plot to a children’s audience. Most of the differences between the two works are because Disney had to change some of the stories conflicts to teach moral lessons and have more positive influences on the younger audience. Hamlet was written for an audience that is older and mature, and less vulnerable to the dreadful deaths and disturbing dialogues that Hamlet delivers. If a child ever saw the sinister plot and conflicts of Hamlet, they would be easily influenced to make bad decisions. The Lion King has a more encouraging, child-friendly essence to it, with positive songs and cheerful secondary characters that help lead to a happy ending. The Hamlet, however, has a very gloomy and depressing tone to it, with no foreshadowing of hope in the future. The ending of Hamlet ends in the terrible bloodshed of all the main characters, incl uding Hamlet. If this ending were to happen in The Lion King, it would not be suitable for children and it may even put some children into shock. It was a great idea that Disney decided to change the aspects of the story line that may influence child behavior, such as changing the horrible ending to a happy one, making Simba not contemplate suicide like Hamlet, and presenting the famous â€Å"Hakuna Matata† song, meaning â€Å"no worries.† When Simba ran away, he found a worry-free and happy life. This was changed from the original Hamlet plot to help children realize that  problems can get better if they stop overthinking and worrying about them. The Hamlet version of this, if shown to little kids, would make them overthink their problems in life to the point of envisioning suicide or seeking vile revenge, just like Hamlet did. Disney did a perfect job at adjusting the story of Hamlet to the appropriate audience for The Lion King. There were few minor flaws that Disney made in the remaking of Hamlet in The Lion King. In The Lion King, movie producers left out characters like Laertes and Polonius from Hamlet, and they weren’t very clear with the characterizations and placing of Horatio, Rosencrantz, and Guildenstern from Hamlet in The Lion King. Rosencrantz and Guildenstern could’ve been correlated to Simba’s friends Timon and Pumbaa, except for the fact that Simba’s friends didn’t betray him and spy on him for his uncle. Timon and Pumbaa could also be related to Horatio, but they weren’t Simba’s early childhood friends. The Lion King could’ve improved the movie by having Simba have a childhood friend to provide relief to the audience from the main focus of the story, and also by having Simba have two friends that spy on him for Scar to spice up the plot and conflict a bit more. Having characters similar to Laertes and Polonius in The Lion King would also spice up the plot and conflict more as well, because those additional characters would make it harder for Simba to reach his goal; in the end it would be worth it and show the audience that no matter how hard something is, they can get through it. The only two obstacles that Simba had to go through were the weak hyenas and his uncle, Scar. Adding more antagonists to the story line would make the plot a little more interesting like Hamlet, considering he went through several obstacles to pursue revenge on his uncle. One other mistake that Disney made on The Lion King was that Simba didn’t mourn over the death of his father for a very long time, like Hamlet did. In the Hamlet, the death of his father affected Hamlet’s mind for the whole stretch of the play. Because of this, readers could tell that Hamlet loved and honored his father very much. Simba, however, forgot about this father and duties as king for many years when he ran away. Disney could’ve showed a better sense of companionship and love for family if they made Simba mourn a little longer over the death of his father. To summarize our Hamlet and Lion King Comparison Essay, Disney’s movie, The Lion King, embodied the Shakespearian work of Hamlet in a way that it brought the story of Hamlet back to life, with modern day morals and important life lessons. Even though Hamlet was very evil with its dark schemes and dialogue, it taught the lesson that seeking revenge on someone will get that person nowhere; they must step up and be the better person. Simba stated clearly in the fight against his uncle that he wasn’t gonna kill his uncle because he wasn’t like him. In the end, fate ended up killing his uncle anyway and it wasn’t Simba’s fault, so the story of The Lion King didn’t end in a tragic way. Disney did a wonderful job at modernizing the enduring and classical themes and plot of Hamlet by making The Lion King a family-friendly movie. Throughout the plot, settings, characters and lessons, Disney proved to be very successful in rewriting the tale of Hamlet in the most optimistic and hopeful way possible, with very few flaws.

3 Cases of Erroneous Use of Colons

3 Cases of Erroneous Use of Colons 3 Cases of Erroneous Use of Colons 3 Cases of Erroneous Use of Colons By Mark Nichol In each of the following sentences, a colon is employed in the mistaken belief that the sentence structure requires it, when in fact the syntax renders it superfluous. Discussion after each example explains why a colon is inappropriate, and a revision demonstrates proper punctuation of the sentence. 1. The network is terminating all its business ties to his media company, which includes: ending its distribution of his new program, renaming the original show, and separating itself from his merchandise website. A colon should precede a list only when what precedes the colon is a complete sentence. This error is easily rectified by inserting the object â€Å"the following† before it, but a better solution is to simply omit the colon: â€Å"The network is terminating all its business ties to his media company, which includes ending its distribution of his new program, renaming the original show, and separating itself from his merchandise website.† 2. The piece was widely criticized for, among other things: failing to provide crucial context, an apparent unfamiliarity with terminology, failing to verify several claims, and failing to note that the paper had previously published a similar profile of the organization’s cofounder. As in the previous example, the writer assumed that a list must be preceded by a colon, but the punctuation is intrusive when it interrupts the syntactical flow of the sentence. In this case, a comma, not a colon, should follow the parenthetical phrase â€Å"among other things† to complement the comma preceding the phrase: â€Å"The piece was widely criticized for, among other things, failing to provide crucial context, an apparent unfamiliarity with terminology, failing to verify several claims, and failing to note that the paper had previously published a similar profile of the organization’s cofounder.† 3. They understand that, to paraphrase something British statesman Winston Churchill once said: Success is not final, failure is not fatal, and it is the courage to continue that counts. Here, the assumption is that the proper punctuation for separating an attribution from the quotation (or, in this case, paraphrase) attributed is a colon, but again, what precedes the colon must be a complete sentence, such as â€Å"Here is a paraphrase of what British statesman Winston Churchill once said† (clumsy, but syntactically sound). In addition, because the paraphrase is integrated syntactically into the sentence, capitalization of the first word is erroneous: â€Å"They understand that, to paraphrase something British statesman Winston Churchill once said, success is not final, failure is not fatal, and it is the courage to continue that counts.† (Without the attribution, the sentence would be styled â€Å"They understand that success is not final, failure is not fatal, and it is the courage to continue that counts.†) Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Punctuation category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Possessive of Proper Names Ending in SThat vs. Which48 Writing Prompts for Middle School Kids

The meninas essays

The meninas essays Late in his life, in 1656, Velzquez painted what is his acknowledged masterpiece, "Las Meninas" or the "Maids of Honor". Here he provided his own original essay on the nature of reality by fusing several subjects. The group portrait, the "genre" (scenes of everyday life) theme, the self-portrait, the artist in the studio and the interior... have all come together in a new and distinctive form. "The Maids of Honor" is, in fact, a series of portraits within portraits. It is first a portrait of a room: the artists studio.... Gathered in the room are the Infanta Dos space. They, in fact, may be the subject of a double portrait being painted on the canvas upon which Velzquez shows himself working the artist in his studio has been woven into the scene. "Las Meninas" hung in Phillips private office, a sure indication that it was special to him. Here, in a single image, much that was important to Phillip was ingeniously brought together. His family, his retainers (servants), his newly knighted painter, and above all, his beautiful daughter are gathered in the room that belonged to his dead son and heir. In an image both charming and melancholy, Velzquez has captured the waning years of the Spanish Hapsburgs. Velzquez died only four years later, and Phillip died in 1666. During the years...

20th-Century Genius Award Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 2

20th-Century Genius Award Paper - Essay Example Born in Swansea, Wales, on October 27, 1914, Thomas published his first book of poetry in 1934, in which he proved his prowess in the application of poetic diction, imagery, surrealism, and personal fantasy. Critics claim that since he was a hard drinking, unreliable chanter of his own poetry, he usually remained in dispute with the contemporary world. His works, published in his teenage between 1930 and 1934, portray the struggle between crisis of his life, like finding his own identity which is typical of teenage, and himself. His musical writing style was infatuated with the sound and rhythm of words, and their manifold meanings. The richness of meaning often became illogical, and the innovatory syntax depicting celestial and sexual descriptions made his poetry somewhat hard to understand. The themes of religious uncertainty and the cycle of life and death may have arisen from some catastrophic life events, like the marriage of his love and his relationship with his father. When h e travelled to London and Wales between 1934 and 1936, the years of publication of Eighteen Poems and Twenty-five poems respectively, he met a lot of literary personalities and started an affair with the poet and novelist, Pamela Hansford Johnson, who later on got married to the novelist C.P. Snow. This incident made Thomas a heart-broken hard drinker. Thomas had always felt a lot of difficulty in writing first-rate poetry and to be considered as a poet (Poetry Foundation, 2015). This also led him to plagiarize at times. Thomas started bringing elements of sadness, war, and financial failures in his poetry when he moved to a borrowed house in Wales with his wife. When Thomas married Caitlin Macnamara in 1937, they were impoverished. They moved to Laugharne, Wales and remained there till Thomas died in 1953. The monetary troubles that they encountered, like the recurrent borrowing of

Analysis of Fund Management in China Research Paper

Analysis of Fund Management in China - Research Paper Example    Therefore, retail investment funds are a type of mutual funds where various individuals pool their asset together in order to access investment opportunities that would not be obtainable to them. Retail investment funds in China Retail investment funds have gained popularity in the emerging market because in the fifteen years ago few people were unaware of the existence of the retail investment funds (Jeffrey, 2010). Individuals could not purchase listed securities in the market because extremely few countries had the stock market and others had relatively little trading. Fund management is the management of financial assets on behalf of a client that involves the selection, buying and selling of financial assets. Meanwhile, it involves the collection and re-investment of any income from assets that deals with any certificates and paperwork (Fraser, 2011, 87). The Retail Investment Funds involve offering details of the performance of the fund to the client that involves both ret ail and wholesale.   Over the past 20 years, the retail investment retail has promoted the fund's sector in emerging markets by working closely with institutional investors, investment banks and the government regulators. Mangal and Sunil (2011, P. 190) indicate that the retail funds play a key role in mobilizing large volumes of private capital for equity investment in the stock markets and stimulate the growth of securities market in China. Meanwhile, they assist in improving small and medium-sized corporate to access external equity and get management advice. The retail investment development and opportunities are gradually spreading to most of the population in China that attaches great significance in building real estate. According to Swati (2005, 56), the global recession affected China’s economy severely, but China is creating a favorable environment for retail funds investment schemes. Recently, Chinese people stand in line to purchase retail funds, but as the numb er of retail funds increase, the situation changes.  Ã‚  

Rene Descartes and the scientific revolution Research Paper

Rene Descartes and the scientific revolution - Research Paper Example The Bible taught that the Earth was a special planet because God has deliberately set it at the center of the others; a clear sign of its importance to God. However, past the 16th Century, some scientists began challenging the existing way of thinking by replacing the past assumptions with new theories. This change in the European thought about the natural world is what is commonly referred to as the Scientific Revolution. The Scientific Revolution was a foundation stone upon which Rene Descartes developed the scientific method approach. The breakthroughs in the scientific revolution were championed by Copernicus who observed that the stars and all the planets revolved around the sun. The thoughts were sparked off by an ancient Greek idea that the sun was at the center of the universe. Copernicus indeed found this to be true after 25 years of studying planetary movements. Though revolutionary, the theory had a limitation in that it never explained why the planets behaved the way they did. Another problem was that it contradicted ancient studies and religious views. For fear of persecution and possible ridicule, the scholar did not publish his findings until 1543; the year of his death. Despite his death, Copernicus’ ideals withstood the test of death and were a good foundation for other like-minded scientists. Brahe, an astronomer from Denmark, made careful and accurate records of the planets’ movements over many years. The scientist produced volumes of accurate data recorded from his personal observations. With his death imminent, it was left to his followers to make the mathematical inferences from the data. Johannes Kepler, his assistant, studied the data and inferred that some mathematical laws governed the movements in the universe. According to Hellyer, (2003) Descartes’ findings disapproved the belief that the planets orbited in circular motions. In contrast,

Suicide and Friend Essay Example for Free

Suicide and Friend Essay Teen suicide is something we all know about; some of us more than others. It is a horrible murderer that takes away our friends, brothers, sisters, cousins†¦and what does it leave behind? The sad memory and wonder of if we could have helped is all that lingers when it takes away the ones close to us. Only two months ago, there was a girl that is known to most teenagers in Georgia. She was outgoing, friendly, helpful, sweet, hilarious, and seemed to light up a room. I never had the pleasure of actually becoming close to her. This girl and I maybe talked twice and she reminded me of myself. She was a bubbly girl, but behind the mask of happiness and a bouncy girl. was the face of a sad girl wanting help. Maybe that’s why I could relate to her. I, too, was like that when we’d talked. Just as I was reaching my breaking point, the girl reached hers. Rachel was her name. She’d attempted to take her life and, two weeks later, died on October 29th, 2009. Like all teen suicides, it affected everyone. Her parents were destroyed, her ex-boyfriend felt guilty to the point of which he wanted to die, her friends missed her and took their anger out on all the wrong people, and it resulted it horrible events. The reason I chose this topic of teen suicide isn’t because it is the 3rd leading cause of death for teens or because of mere stories of it. I chose this because not only do I know the facts, I’ve personally experienced situations where I almost lost a friend and I did lose a girl that could have been like a sister to me. When teens want to die, almost nothing will stop them . It may seem selfish to say, â€Å"Live for me† when they had to live through pain, but what they don’t understand is the pain will pass. There’s an organization especially made for teaching the teenagers that there’s something to live for. It is called, To Write Love On Her Arms. The name has it’s own story behind it, as does the reasoning for the organization being founded, and it’s helped many teens escape the choking grip of suicide. A hotline I had used was an easy one to remember. It was 1-800-SUICIDE. The hotline gave me two operators and they personally helped me. My friend was considering suicide and this hotline helped him. Before you down the idea, let me tell you about it. The friend was given the help he needed and talked down without being taken to the mental institute. Just because someone is suicidal, it doesn’t mean they’re crazy. Think of this: 27% of teens at one high school admitted to secretly wanting to commit suicide and 8% of them did it. That’s proof that suicidal teens are not crazy teens. Why else would a teen commit suicide every 100 minutes? Does that mean that the world is full of lunatics? No. It means that the world is full of teenagers with problems and no answers to them As some of you take teen suicide as a joke, others take it as a personal stab to the heart. We’ve lost friends and family to this horrid killer, but there is only one way to stop it. We have to be understanding, yet helpful . Your friend may get mad if you try to help, but would you rather have the friend dislike you for a little while and be alive or have them love you and dead? As for those that are suicidal, don’t think that the world will be better without you because it won’t. In this world, you are one of a kind. Each and every one of us is unique. If you’re gone, people WILL miss you. It may seem to be the end to your problems, but it’s the beginning to others’ pain.

Reasons Why Catalonia Wants Independence

Reasons Why Catalonia Wants Independence Catalonia’s Pursuit of Independence â€Å"No podem ser si no podem ser lliures.† This quote from Catalan poet Salvador Espriu roughly translates to â€Å"We cannot be if we can’t be free† a statement that rings true for over half of Catalonia’s 7.5 million residents. The people of Catalonia have long been in a struggle with Spain to gain independence and feel that they should be their own nation. Recently the separatist views in Catalonia have come to the forefront of national news as the state makes a push to secede but there are those who question the likelihood and feasibility of this move. If the people of Catalonia achieve what they desire, Spain will lose one of its most well known states as well as one that provides a great amount of economic stability, but if they do not they will continue to fight for independence and their struggle could turn violent. The struggle for independence dates back to the 19th century during the Romantic age when nationalism surged. Catalan separatist fee l they have multiple reasons to secede from Spain but the main reasons are that they have their own culture, history, and language; have experienced a history of persecution as a result of Spanish rule; and that they are responsible for a large majority of Spain’s economic success. Catalonia is one of Spain’s 17 autonomous regions, each region having its own executive, legislative, and judicial branch. It is located in the northern part of Spain on the border of France and is divided into a few different regions: Barcelona, Girona, Lleida, and Tarragona. According to a census performed in 2012 the population is roughly 7.5 million accounting for just over 16% of Spain’s total population. The city of Barcelona is the regions capital and is also the second largest city in Spain with a population of about 1.63 million (Generalitat de Catalunya). Catalonia has its own history, separate from the rest of Spain, rich with culture and tradition. They also speak a language different than is spoken in the rest of Spain known as Catalan. Catalan is not a dialect of Spanish but rather a language that was developed on its own with Latin origins and is recognized as one of the four official languages in Spain. 93.8% of citizens living in Catalonia can understand Catalan (Generalitat de Catalunya) and around 9 million people worldwide speak the language. There are laws in place within Catalonia in order to preserve the language and makes sure it lives on. Some examples of such laws are that all businesses must display their material in Catalan or risk being fined, doctors are required to speak and understand Catalan, and there are quotas in place to regulate Catalan media (Miley). While it is true that 98.8% of Catalan’s understand spanish, children in public schools must be taught in Catalan and can only receive a maximum of three hours per week in spanish training (Govan). This is because the people of Catalan have realized that for their language to survive the test of time it must be heavily involved in education of the youth. Catalan’s feel that their own language and culture deserve to be recognized by national borders and wish to govern the land as they see fit.   Catalan’s rich history and culture has not always been welcome in Spain and the rest of the European Union and the people of Catalan do not feel they receive the respect they deserve. There have been several distinct attacks on Catalan language throughout history but the most recent took place during the rule of General Francisco Franco between 1939 and 1975. Franco gained power over Barcelona following the Spanish Civil War with a goal of uniting Spain and removing those that attempted to differentiate themselves, including those that speak a different language. Throughout the time of his rule Catalan speakers and academics were persecuted and repressed. The autonomy that the Catalan’s had come to know was stripped away from them and Catalan nationalism was subdued. The Catalan language was banned from being used and was completely removed from the educational system. Along with this all remnants of the language were sought out and changed including media and street na mes. There was also a wave attacks on nationalist resulting in several thousand being killed or exiled. This persecution continued until Franco’s death in 1975 but the legacy of his rule has not been forgotten. Following the death of Franco in 1975 a new ruler took the throne, King Juan Carlos. Carlos was a fair ruler to the people of Spain and pushed to democratize the country. In 1978 the Spanish constitution was written and in it Catalan was officially recognized as the official language of Catalonia (Barcelona’s Languages). To this day the people of Catalonia cherish this victory as it represents the fortitude of the Catalan people and their ability to stand up to oppression. The people of Catalan, while happy to be recognised by Spain, feel they deserve more and wish to be an official language of the European Union. Catalan is a language similar in prevalence to Castilian Spanish, Swedish, and Czech (Mari 1). As expressed in the preceding paragraph, the Spanish government has neglected to serve or even defend the people of Catalonia in the past and many Catalan’s feel they must do so individually. There are many organizations throughout Catalonia whose mission it is to spread the language and culture on an international scale. One of these is the Consortium for Language Normalization, a program which aims to help foreigners that have recently moved to Catalonia learn the Language(Mari 2).   The people of Catalonia have long been in a struggle to make their voices heard on a national and international level and believe they have not been fairly represented by Spanish rule.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The third and final reason Catalan’s wish to separate from Spain is that they are one of the wealthiest regions in Spain and believe they are not fairly compensated for the amount of money they generate for the country. Catalonia is known to be one of the wealthiest and advanced regions of Spain accounting for nearly thirty percent of Spanish exports and although its GDP per capita is slightly below average compared with other nations in the European Union, it is still about twenty percent higher than the rest of Spain (Alexopoulos). It is also estimated that Catalonia makes up for around twenty percent of Spain’s total GDP (Goodman), a contribution that would be sorely missed by the Spanish Government. Catalonia’s most popular export locations are too surrounding countries in the EU including Portugal, Germany, France, and Italy. There is also a large amount of products that are imported to the rest of the country which would make Spain one of Catalonia’s main importers if they succeed in independence. In recent years, Catalonia has grown its export rate by more than Germany, France, and the Netherlands, and in the technology sector saw an increase in exports of about 9% (Wharton University of Pennsylvania). Catalonia also asserts that it pays more in taxes to the central government of Spain than it receives back in spending on infrastructure and its citizens. Those pushing for independence say that Catalonia would be better off in the long run if it kept the money that is currently being sent to the Central Government and instead spent it themselves and provide its people with the necessary social and security services. Furthermore, a study performed by the Universit y of Edinburgh claims that independence could shift the competition for firms within Catalonia. If Catalonia were to become independent, firms would be protected from direct competition with Spain and those that would normally be pushed out of the market may be able to survive and thrive (Comerford). Although some experts believe an independent Catalonia is fiscally possible, there are many consequences that will be difficult to overcome for the people. Currently, the central government of Spain located in Madrid is opposed to any sort of independence and claims that Catalonia already has more autonomy than most places in Europe. The region is the only one in Spain that operates its own police force and also has a reasonable amount of control over other factors such as culture, transportation, education, and health (Goodman).   In recent years however the people of Catalonia have grown restless and are pushing harder and harder to gain independence. In 2006 the central government of Spain and the Catalan authorities agreed to transfer more power to the region, a move which was agreed upon by the Spanish National Parliament. In 2008, however, Spain entered an economic crisis during which many Catalan’s believe their wealth would be better served if it was only supporting the people of Catalonia and not the rest of Spain. In 2010 the constitutional court of Spain moved to strike dow key parts from the 2006 agreement stirring up the independence movement and causing over 1 million people to take to the streets of Barcelona in protest. This sparked pro-independence parties to win the regional elections. On November 9th, 2014 Catalonia held a referendum for independence, they later scrap the plan saying the vote was just an opportunity for Catalan’s voice their opinions regarding independence. Although less than half of all registered voters ended up casting ballots, more than 80 percent were in favor of secession which the national government dismissed as propaganda. In the fall of 2015 Catalonia’s pro-independence party won the majority of the regional seats and draft a pro-independence resolution. Later this same year, Spain’s constitutional court rules the resolution to be unconstitutional. In 2017 the fight for independence heats up as the national government bans the former Catalan president Artur Mas from holding any sort of public office, this coming two years after the 2014 vote. In June of 2017 Catalan President Carlos Puigdemont sets the date for a new independence vote stating that a new republic will be formed within 48 hours if a pro-independence vote wins regardless of voter turnout. One September 7th, about one month before the vote is set to happen, Spain’s constitutional court rejects the ballot following a challenge from the central government. Later that same month about a dozen Catalan leaders were arrested for organizing the referendum. Police also capture around 10 million ballot papers and the Constitutional Court of Spain tells Catalonia it will fine the electoral board daily for disobeying the court orders. On September 29th Spanish government pledges to block the referendum while Catalan leaders reaffirm their position to proceed forward with it. Protesters occupy schools to be used for voting while police tell them to either leave by the following morning, October 1st,   day of the vote,   or face the consequences. The following day, hundreds of people are injured as national police close in on polling locations but defiant Catalan voters still manage to cast their ballots. On October 3rd Spanish King, Felipe VI, accuse secessionists of tearing apart Spain but hours later Puigdemont responds claiming Catalonia will declare independence once all votes have been counted. Puigdemont does not make a formal declaration and instead enters into talks with Spanish central government. At this point Spain takes control of Catalonia and dissolves its political autonomy, firing the elected government and forcing an entirely new election. On October 27th Catalonia moves to declare independence from Spain in defiance of the central government. The move is seen as mostly symbolic as neither Spain or the international community is likely to view Catalonia as its own nation. Since the vote, Spain has taken complete control over Catalonia and has also arrested and jailed nine former Catalan separatists on charges of rebellion. It wasn’t until March 25th, 2018, however, that Puigdemont was arrested in Germany after an international warrant for his arrest was made. He will be charged with rebellion and sedition and embezzlement. In my opinion, Catalan should remain a part of Spain not only as a benefit to the rest of Spain but as a benefit to the people of Catalonia themselves. The economic consequences of leaving Spain will tear Catalonia apart. The first reason for this is that Catalonia will lose its EU status as well as all the protections that come with it. The EU has already made it clear that it will not accept an independent Catalonia and if Catalonia wishes to continue trading with member other members of the EU they will face trade tariffs that are not currently present. Furthermore it is expected that businesses headquartered in the region would be forced to move since they would no longer be able to benefit from the policies of the EU. One such example is the EU has eliminated all import/export duties between its members. There are no trade barriers and workers are free to move around without restriction. These policies are in place to promote a unitary marketplace where capital is free to move b etween states (Moussis n.pag). All Catalan companies would automatically lose these freedoms and may would most likely choose to relocate. Another economic consequence is trade with the rest of Spain. In other secessionist movements, such as Czech and the Slovak Republics or Slovenia and Croatia, it was noted that trade fell between the freshly separated nations by about 33 percent to 66 percent in the first few years after seperation (Alexopoulos). Catalan exports to the rest of Spain make up for nearly 36% of exports from Catalonia and if the past trend continues, which it has no reason not to considering the tension between the two, it can be expected that Catalonia will instantly lose a large segment of its export market. If trade falls and businesses decide to leave, unemployment rates will skyrocket and people in the area will suffer one firm, Credit Suisse, estimates that secession would cause the Catalan GDP to fall by roughly 20 percent which would greatly reduce the per capita income (Alexopoulos). Although I understand the plight of the Catalan people who wish to have their culture respected, I believe there is room in Spain for multiple cultures to thrive and flourish. The central government of Spain does not wish to destroy the Catalan culture but rather to protect the people living in the region from making emotionally charged decisions without first weighing all of the negative consequences. Catalonia is a region of Spain full of culture and tradition. They speak their own language, celebrate different holidays, and choose their own rulers. For many years throughout history Spanish rulers were not kind to the people of Catalonia attempting to suppress their culture in an attempt to create a unified Spain. What these rulers did not understand is that one of the reasons Spain is such a beautiful country is that it has such a diverse background. In recent years, however, this has not been the case and Catalonia has had political autonomy and freedom to practice their own traditions. For a large group of Catalans this freedom is simply not enough and they wish to become an independent nation. In the past few years the central government of Spain has blocked these moves citing the constitution and more recently has even taken away the political freedom Catalonia once had. While I understand the plight of the Catalan people who wish to have their culture respected by becoming its own nation, the decision is emotionally driven and the economic consequences would be to great for the nation to bear.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   References Generalitat de Catalunya. Catalonia. n.pag. Web. 21 February 2014 . http://web.gencat.cat/en Miley, Dr. Thomas Jeffrey. The Constitutional Politics of Language Policy in Catalonia, Spain. Adalahs Newsletter. October 2006. p 1-2. Web. 20 February 2014 . https://books.google.com/books?id=S6Ie_HYgjUwC&printsec=frontcover&dq=general+francisco+franco+catalonia&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjP6K_Xt97aAhUBr4MKHaFjDckQ6AEINDAC#v=onepage&q=catalonia&f=false Barcelonas Languages. Barcelona.de. n.pag. Web. 21 October 2013   Barcelona.de Mari, Bernat Joan I. The Cornerstones of Language Policy in Catalonia. Language Policy at the Government of Catalonia. p 1-2. Web. 20 February 2014 . Alexopoulos, Yiagos, et al. Catalonias Choice. Credit Suisse. 19 November 2012. p 2-11. Web. 24 February 2014 . Goodman, Al. Catalans to Link Up in Human Chain Today in their Call for Secession. CNN. 11 September 2013. n.pag. Web. 18 October 2013 Wharton University of Pennsylvania. Is Secession the Answer? The Case of Catalonia, Flanders and Scotland. 2 December 2013. n.pag. Web. 25 February 2014   Comerford, David, Nicholas Myers, and Jose V. Rodriguez Mora. â€Å"Measuring Costs and Benefits of Independence.† University of Edinburgh. 9 October 2012. p 15-20. Print. https://www.nbcnews.com/news/world/catalonia-s-bid-independence-spain-timeline-developments-n815091 Moussis, Nicholas. The EU Common Market. n.pag. Web. 27 February 2014  

Essay --

In 2006, Felipe Calderà ³n- former president of Mexico launched a joint operation with the United States in an effort to massively crackdown against drug trafficking and their organizations. According to the LA Times, upwards of forty thousand people have been killed in drug-related violence as of June 2011 since it’s meager beginnings in 2006. While the United States has supplied funding and labor in order to support Mexico in undertaking the war on drug trafficking, their primary focus has been more closely focused on increase border patrolling. For decades and decades drug trafficking organizations, henceforth known as cartels, have been using their strong and dangerous influence in order to transform Mexico’s tight-knit government and groups of citizens into a state of country-wide corruption that has ensured protection for cartels doing illegal practices. Since the time President Calderà ³n took his oath for office in 2006 with a pledge to eliminate these traffic king institutions, drug violence has rose quickly and it is moving extremely aggressively, but Calderà ³n and his administration worked quickly in order to promote laws that were part of a strategy made specific in order to handle the situation. This trafficking from Mexico to the United States is starting to become a major player in the role that drugs are playing in America. Mexico is one of the prime contributors of heroin to the U.S. market, and undoubtedly the largest foreign supplier of methamphetamine, cocaine and marijuana. Mexican production of all three of these drugs have increased alarmingly since 2005, proportionately with the total of all drugs seized at the border between both countries, according to a 2011 report from the U.S. Department of Justice. While ma... ...s number is growing as territories expand across the world and as the success of the drug trafficking means better money to many of the citizens the poverty-stricken Mexican towns who make the bare minimum (if that) wages. Usually those that are electing to participate in these trafficking jobs are young men with hardly any education, most are drop-outs that come from under privileged economic backgrounds with an average age of eighteen with higher social and monetary aspirations than they can satisfy by working legally and morally. Drug trafficking creates an annual revenue of four hundred billion, and in turn represents eight percent of the world's trade. With a problem so massive that it affects two continents and billions of people, it comes as no surprise that coming to a place of peace and understanding is one of the most difficult things about this situation. Essay -- In 2006, Felipe Calderà ³n- former president of Mexico launched a joint operation with the United States in an effort to massively crackdown against drug trafficking and their organizations. According to the LA Times, upwards of forty thousand people have been killed in drug-related violence as of June 2011 since it’s meager beginnings in 2006. While the United States has supplied funding and labor in order to support Mexico in undertaking the war on drug trafficking, their primary focus has been more closely focused on increase border patrolling. For decades and decades drug trafficking organizations, henceforth known as cartels, have been using their strong and dangerous influence in order to transform Mexico’s tight-knit government and groups of citizens into a state of country-wide corruption that has ensured protection for cartels doing illegal practices. Since the time President Calderà ³n took his oath for office in 2006 with a pledge to eliminate these traffic king institutions, drug violence has rose quickly and it is moving extremely aggressively, but Calderà ³n and his administration worked quickly in order to promote laws that were part of a strategy made specific in order to handle the situation. This trafficking from Mexico to the United States is starting to become a major player in the role that drugs are playing in America. Mexico is one of the prime contributors of heroin to the U.S. market, and undoubtedly the largest foreign supplier of methamphetamine, cocaine and marijuana. Mexican production of all three of these drugs have increased alarmingly since 2005, proportionately with the total of all drugs seized at the border between both countries, according to a 2011 report from the U.S. Department of Justice. While ma... ...s number is growing as territories expand across the world and as the success of the drug trafficking means better money to many of the citizens the poverty-stricken Mexican towns who make the bare minimum (if that) wages. Usually those that are electing to participate in these trafficking jobs are young men with hardly any education, most are drop-outs that come from under privileged economic backgrounds with an average age of eighteen with higher social and monetary aspirations than they can satisfy by working legally and morally. Drug trafficking creates an annual revenue of four hundred billion, and in turn represents eight percent of the world's trade. With a problem so massive that it affects two continents and billions of people, it comes as no surprise that coming to a place of peace and understanding is one of the most difficult things about this situation.

With Independence Comes Greater Responsibility.

â€Å"With independence comes greater responsibility. † Ring! Ring! the alarm clock wakes me up at precisely 7:30 am on the first day of summer. My parents rush into my room yelling at me to get up. I’m oblivious to what’s happening because my eyes are still half closed. As I regain my senses I see that my parents are wearing tank-tops and shorts. Instantly I remember that we’re going to China for the summer. After that commotion my parents left the room leaving me with two empty bags to be filled with my belongings that would last me two months. It’s inevitable that I’ll forget something, I mean I always do.Every summer we go to vacations and I always forget to bring the right amount of underwear or my prescribed cream because usually my mom does it for me. This time it’s different, I’m older and I should be able to do it myself. I arbitrarily put everything in my bag. From every item of clothing, every pair of shoes plus the t hings in between. Next thing you know I’m at the airport with my parents unloading our luggage onto a cart. Inside, at the terminal desk the woman behind the counter was telling us that they were overbooked causing us to get upgraded to first class, but there was a problem.There were only two spots available, and one of us had to wait for the next flight. I told my parents that i wanted to stay behind, i mean, i wanted to prove to them that i was responsible enough plus it was kind of romantic for them to be alone. They actually listened to what i had to say and gave me what i wanted. Fast forward to the plane being boarded i was watching my parents leave without me, i had a little anxiety because it would be the first time that my parents let me go alone.Soon after they left i went to my gate with the help of the airport employees because i didn’t have a clue where anything was. I was on my own and i felt a little heartache watching the families around me having fun a nd bonding. We were being called onto the plane. First they called first class, seniors then it was my turn. I handed over my ticket and showed her my passport she noticed the tenseness in my body language and said â€Å"you look nervous, are you okay? †. I managed to let out a quiet â€Å"yes† even though i was telling a lie.I entered the plane and found my seat and sat down. After everyone settled down the plane started to move. It was doing circles around the driveway to warm up it’s engine. Then it stops and i could hear a huge roar from the engine. Before lift off my dad would always give me gum before liftoff so my ears wouldn’t pop. He would always buy juicy fruit but this time he wasn’t here and i didn’t have any. I forced myself to withstand the pressure. After the successful liftoff my moms lap would be my pillow and my mom would ask for a blanket.I was getting cold and tired so i asked the stewardess for a pillow and a blanket, ju st like how my parents would ask if they were with me. The blanket and pillow were amazingly comfy and i quickly fell asleep. Excuse me sir! Excuse me sir! It was the flight attendant asking me if i want beef or chicken. My parents would usually get my food for me and let me sleep longer. They weren’t here so i just picked what the guy beside me picked, beef. The airplane food was gross, i never liked it.I could see the family across from me and how they were all enjoying their meals and pretending that they were at their dinner table exchanging stories that happened to them. I sat quietly eating my meal. Then the guy beside me started to talk to me about the show i was watching. I usually never talk to anyone on the plane, but this time i thought i would give it a try. So i talked to him and he seem to be an interesting person to talk to. We talked the whole way before the seat belt sign went on. This is when we start landing and at that point my body started to shiver.I was always afraid of landing. My mom would usually hold my hand to keep me calm, but she wasn’t here. The guy who had become my friend saw me shiver and asked me what's wrong with me. I manned up and told him nothing’s wrong. Those last few seconds as the plane started to descend were the scariest time of my life. I kept my composure, and stayed calm. I knew i could do this , i know i can, I can, I can, I can. The heart was beating super fast. Then i heard â€Å"SCREECH† and i was safe. I knew my parents were waiting for me and i couldn’t wait to get off to see them again. I was so proud of myself.